Jod
53
I
Gruppe
17
Periode
5
Blokk
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
53
53
74
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
53
Atomvekt
126,90447
Massetall
127
Kategori
Halogener
Farge
Skifergrå
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Greek word iodes, violet
Krystallstruktur
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Historie
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
4,93 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
386,85 K | 113,7 °C | 236,66 °F
Kokepunkt
457,4 K | 184,25 °C | 363,65 °F
Smeltevarme
7,76 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
20,9 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,214 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
0,000049%
Forekomst i universet
1×10-7%
CAS Number
7553-56-2
PubChem CID Number
807
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
140 pm
Kovalent radius
139 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,66 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
10,4513 eV
Molart volum
25,74 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,00449 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Bruksområder
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
127IUstabile isotoper
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I