Osmium
76
Os
Gruppe
8
Periode
6
Blokk
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
76
76
114
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
76
Atomvekt
190,23
Massetall
190
Kategori
Transisjonsmetaller
Farge
Skifergrå
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
22,61 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Kokepunkt
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Smeltevarme
31 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
630 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,13 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
1,8×10-7%
Forekomst i universet
3×10-7%
Bildekreditter: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS Number
7440-04-2
PubChem CID Number
23937
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
135 pm
Kovalent radius
144 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,2 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
8,4382 eV
Molart volum
8,49 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,876 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Bruksområder
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsUstabile isotoper
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os