Fosfor
15
P
Gruppe
15
Periode
3
Blokk
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
15
15
16
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
15
Atomvekt
30,973762
Massetall
31
Kategori
Ikke-metaller
Farge
Fargeløs
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Krystallstruktur
Simple Triclinic
Historie
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 5
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
1,82 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Kokepunkt
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Smeltevarme
0,64 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
12,4 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,769 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
0,099%
Forekomst i universet
0,0007%
CAS Number
7723-14-0
PubChem CID Number
5462309
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
98 pm
Kovalent radius
107 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,19 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
10,4867 eV
Molart volum
17,0 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,00235 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bruksområder
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
31PUstabile isotoper
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P