Silisium
14
Si
Gruppe
14
Periode
3
Blokk
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
14
14
14
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
14
Atomvekt
28,0855
Massetall
28
Kategori
Halvmetaller
Farge
Grå
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Latin word silex, silicis, flint
Krystallstruktur
Kubisk diamant
Historie
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.
Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 4
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
2,3296 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
1687,15 K | 1414 °C | 2577,2 °F
Kokepunkt
3538,15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Smeltevarme
50,2 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
359 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,705 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
27%
Forekomst i universet
0,07%
CAS Number
7440-21-3
PubChem CID Number
5461123
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
111 pm
Kovalent radius
111 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,9 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
8,1517 eV
Molart volum
12,1 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
1,48 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Bruksområder
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.
Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.
Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
28Si, 29Si, 30SiUstabile isotoper
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si