Gallium
31
Ga
Gruppe
13
Periode
4
Blokk
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
31
31
39
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
31
Atomvekt
69,723
Massetall
70
Kategori
Andre metaller
Farge
Sølv
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Krystallstruktur
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Historie
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
5,907 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Kokepunkt
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Smeltevarme
5,59 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
256 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,371 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
0,0019%
Forekomst i universet
1×10-6%
CAS Number
7440-55-3
PubChem CID Number
5360835
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
135 pm
Kovalent radius
122 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,81 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
5,9993 eV
Molart volum
11,8 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
1, 2, 3
Bruksområder
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
69Ga, 71GaUstabile isotoper
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga