Germanium
32
Ge
Gruppe
14
Periode
4
Blokk
p
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
32
32
41
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
32
Atomvekt
72,63
Massetall
73
Kategori
Halvmetaller
Farge
Grå
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Krystallstruktur
Face Centered Cubic
Historie
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 4
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
5,323 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Kokepunkt
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Smeltevarme
31,8 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
334 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,32 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
0,00014%
Forekomst i universet
0,00002%
CAS Number
7440-56-4
PubChem CID Number
6326954
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
122 pm
Kovalent radius
122 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,01 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
7,8994 eV
Molart volum
13,6 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,599 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Bruksområder
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeUstabile isotoper
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge