Ruthenium
44
Ru
Gruppe
8
Periode
5
Blokk
d
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
44
44
57
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
44
Atomvekt
101,07
Massetall
101
Kategori
Transisjonsmetaller
Farge
Sølv
Radioaktiv
Nei
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
12,37 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Kokepunkt
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Smeltevarme
25,7 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
580 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,238 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
9,9×10-8%
Forekomst i universet
4×10-7%
CAS Number
7440-18-8
PubChem CID Number
23950
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
134 pm
Kovalent radius
146 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,2 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
7,3605 eV
Molart volum
8,3 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
1,17 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Bruksområder
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuUstabile isotoper
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru