Thorium
90
Th
Gruppe
I/T
Periode
7
Blokk
f
Protoner
Elektroner
Nøytroner
90
90
142
Generelle egenskaper
Atomnummer
90
Atomvekt
232,03806
Massetall
232
Kategori
Aktinoider
Farge
Sølv
Radioaktiv
Ja
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Krystallstruktur
Face Centered Cubic
Historie
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektroner per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fysikalske egenskaper
Fase
Fast stoff
Tetthet
11,7 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Kokepunkt
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Smeltevarme
16 kJ/mol
Fordampningsvarme
530 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,113 J/g·K
Forekomst i jordskorpa
0,0006%
Forekomst i universet
4×10-8%
Bildekreditter: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS Number
7440-29-1
PubChem CID Number
23960
Atomegenskaper
Atomradius
179 pm
Kovalent radius
206 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,3 (Pauling-skalaen)
Ioniseringsenergi
6,3067 eV
Molart volum
19,9 cm3/mol
Termisk ledningsevne
0,54 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstilstander
2, 3, 4
Bruksområder
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Isotoper
Stabile isotoper
232ThUstabile isotoper
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th